Marine Conservation Institute "Saving wild ocean places, for us and future generations"

Our History

Timeline of our Accomplishments

2011

Marine Conservation Biology Institute (MCBI) changed its name to Marine Conservation Institute to more accurately reflect our interdisciplinary approach to marine conservation.

MCBI organized and recruited speakers for 8 symposium sessions for the 2011 International Marine Conservation Congress in Victoria, British Columbia.

2010

MCBI, working with NOAA's Marine Protected Areas Center, created the California Ocean Uses Atlas, the first map of the full range of significant human uses of the ocean in state and federal waters off the coast of California.

MCBI provided scientific and policy analyses supporting the issuance of President Barak Obama’s Executive Order 13547, Stewardship of the Ocean, Our Coasts, and the Great Lakes, which led to the creation of a National Ocean Policy that establishes ecosystem-based coastal and marine spatial planning for all US waters. 

MCBI published “Ecosystem-based spatial planning and management of marine fisheries: why and how?” in the Bulletin of Marine Science.  We published “Impacts, perception and policy implications of the BP/Deepwater Horizon Oil and Gas Disaster” in a special issue of Environmental Law Reporter News & Analysis.

At the request of the United Nations, MCBI prepared the scientific rationale to designate Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument as a World Heritage Site in June 2010.

We funded awards to five scientist-researchers to document ocean life before humans altered marine ecosystems, providing a poignant picture of what healthy oceans used to look like. 

MCBI led a workshop to understand and address ocean acidification impacts on Puget Sound and the Salish Sea.


2009

MCBI helped organize a workshop as part of the Global Ocean Biodiversity Initiative to work toward identifying an initial set of areas on the high seas that could meet the Convention on Biological Diversity’s (CBD) ecologically and biologically significant areas (EBSA) criteria.

MCBI hosted a workshop in Hawaii to determine the scientific needs for effective management of Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monuments.

MCBI awarded six Mia J. Tegner Memorial Research Grants in Marine Environmental History and Historical Marine Ecology to young and early-career scientists.

MCBI hosted a workshop to determine effective means to address surveillance and enforcement of high seas marine protected areas.

MCBI held a scientist's advocacy day, where we taught scientists how to advocate to protect marine ecosystems on Capitol Hill, during Capitol Hill Ocean's Week.

Sandra Brooke, Coral Conservation Director at MCBI, worked with the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council to create the Oculina Bank Habitat Area of Particular Concern (HAPC) and Experimental Closed Area, protecting deep-water Oculina coral off the central East Coast of Florida.

MCBI releases new issue of Current: Ocean Acidification - From Ecological Impacts to Policy Opportunities. This issue highlights ocean acidification, the ongoing global scale changes in seawater chemistry caused largely by human combustion of fossil fuels.

MCBI, in partnership with Environmental Defense Fund, prepared scientific and policy analyses necessary to identify, nominate and advocate full protection for eight of the nine Pacific Islands sites designated by President Bush as marine national monuments in January 2009.  MCBI rallied scientific support for the President’s action by securing almost 200 signatures on a letter to the President.
      how we fish matters
      How We Fish Matters

2008

MCBI releases How We Fish Matters: Addressing the Ecological Impacts of Canadian Fishing Gear which we worked on with our Canadian partners the Ecology Action Centre and Living Oceans Society.

MCBI formed and helped lead a conservation coalition to develop ideas for, and promote introduction of, H.R. 6537, the Sanctuaries Enhancement Act, and bill to reform the National Marine Sanctuary Program.  MCBI President, Elliott Norse, testified on the bill before the House Natural Resources Committee.

MCBI successfully advocated for increased federal and state funding  for the endangered Hawaiian monk seal, and launched a long-term campaign to improve the seal’s prospects for recovery.

MCBI played a key role in the development of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument Management Plan, providing detailed comments on the draft.

MCBI hosts 3 symposium at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on bottom trawling, carbon sequestration, and sharks.

2007

MCBI opens Hawaii Program Office to build on advocacy efforts for Marine Protected Areas and to spearhead protection of the Hawaiian monk seal

Partnering with the Deep Sea Conservation Coalition, MCBI limits trawling in the South Pacific

MCBI hosts symposia on ocean acidification and on the sustainability of deep-sea fishing at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
      coral report cover
      Status of Deep Sea Corals, 2006

2006

Elliott Norse wins the Nancy Foster Award for Habitat Conservation

MCBI, in cooperation with SkyTruth, National Geographic Society and NOAA, publishes “From Sea to Shining Sea” the first map showing the full extent of the USA

MCBI plays a key role in the establishment of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument

MCBI publishes the first assessment of the status of deep-sea corals of the US

2005

MCBI releases Marine Priority Conservation Areas: Baja California to the Bering Sea, the first continental-scale vision of the ocean places most important to protect in North America

MCBI publishes the review of the history of the National Marine Sanctuaries Act

MCBI produces Marine Conservation Biology: The Science of Maintaining the Sea’s Biodiversity, the first textbook in this new science

2004

MCBI co-founds the Deep Sea Conservation Coalition to stop trawling on the world’s seamounts

MCBI releases the Scientists’ Statement on Protecting the World’s Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems, signed by 1452 scientists from 69 countries
shifting gears cover
Shifting Gears, 2003

2003

MCBI publishes a compilation of the Occurrences of Deep-Sea Corals in the Northeast Pacific

MCBI releases Shifting Gears, the first scientific study comparing the damage from 10 major commercial fishing methods

2002

MCBI produces B2B 1.0 — a CD-ROM of physical, biological, and social data relevant to conservation planning within the Baja California to Bering Sea ecoregion.

2001

MCBI holds the Second Symposium on Marine Conservation Biology in San Francisco

MCBI secures listing of the white abalone, the first marine invertebrate ever listed as an endangered species

2000

MCBI spurs President Clinton to issue Executive Order 13158 on Marine Protected Areas

1999

MCBI organizes a scientist workshop to identify priority areas for conservation in the Gulf of Maine

MCBI plays a key role in phasing out commercial fishing in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska
      journal cover
      Conservation Biology issue on bottom trawling, 1998

1998

The journal Conservation Biology publishes 7 scientific papers from MCBI's 1996 bottom trawling workshop

MCBI releases Troubled Waters: A Call for Action [PDF], signed by 1605 scientists from 70 countries

1997

MCBI organizes the First Sympoisum on Marine Conservation Biology in Victoria BC, Canada

1996

MCBI hosts the first scientific workshop on the Effects of Bottom Trawling on Marine Ecosystems

Marine ecologist Dr. Elliott Norse founds MCBI

When marine ecologist Elliott Norse began working to win protection for marine ecosystems in 1978, policy makers assumed that oceans were mostly “in good shape.”  But in 1990, leading marine scientists told him that the oceans were far more threatened than policy makers knew.  This led Dr. Norse to publish Global Marine Biological Diversity in 1993, the world’s most-cited book on marine conservation.  To get more scientists applying their understanding to marine conservation decision making, he founded Marine Conservation Biology Institute (MCBI) in 1996.

To launch the new scientific discipline of marine conservation, MCBI held the world’s first and second scientific symposia on this topic in 1997 and 2001.  We began bringing scientists together in workshops to examine major threats to living oceans and ways to reduce them.  Then we published the first textbook: Marine Conservation Biology.

MCBI wanted policy makers to hear the experts’ concerns, so in 1998 we issued Troubled Waters: A Call for Action, signed by 1,605 scientists.  They declared that the world’s oceans are imperiled and urged nations to act now.  This unprecedented statement of concern made news around the world.  That year, our scientific paper comparing bottom trawling to forest clearcutting started the global movement to limit trawling.  It is the world’s most-cited paper on mobile fishing gear.

MCBI’s focus has been bridging the gap between scientists who understand marine ecosystems and policy makers who determine their fate.  In 2000, a letter we wrote to President Clinton led him to call for a national system of marine protected areas.  And in 2006 and 2009, we persuaded President Bush to establish three colossal marine protected areas in the tropical Pacific Ocean.

After seeing marine conservation biology become a vibrant science worldwide, in 2011 we decided to focus on winning protection for the oceans’ best places.  As always, everything we do is informed by the best and latest science.  But now our focus is applying it to conservation.  That’s why we’ve changed our name to Marine Conservation Institute.